\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00f4 xi\u00ean (s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1) l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00f4 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 cho t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh con l\u00f4 24 cho ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, con l\u00f4 42 cho ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 2,\u2026 L\u00f4 xi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh theo c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 [s\u1ed1 1;s\u1ed1 2] v\u00ed d\u1ee5 [24;42] v\u00e0 hai con n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi th\u1eafng, xi\u00ean 3 v\u00e0 xi\u00ean 4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1 2 \u0111\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhau (mi\u1ec1n Trung \u2013 Nam). Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00edt xoay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt t\u00ednh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean mau tr\u00fang.<\/p>\n
H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, l\u00f4 mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc s\u1ebd x\u1ed5 27 gi\u1ea3i. Do v\u1eady, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn tr\u00fang 1 l\u00f4 xi\u00ean l\u00e0 23,76%. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc qua x\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang l\u00e0 100% t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 1 v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1\/2 (0.5)<\/p>\n
Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0103n th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1ch l\u00f4) v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng 1 tr\u1eeb \u0111i t\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 ra tr\u00fang l\u00f4. T\u1ea1i v\u00ec th\u1eafng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng thua th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt t\u00ednh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean mau tr\u00fang.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1ch l\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n:<\/h3>\n\n- C\u1ea7u quay 27 l\u00f4 t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i 8 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi 100 con s\u1ed1 (t\u1eeb 00 \u0111\u1ebfn 99) \u2013 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 100%<\/li>\n
- B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 tr\u00fang 1 con trong s\u1ed1 100 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u1eady, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00f4 l\u00e0 99% ( tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00f3 1 con th\u00f4i, c\u00f3 tr\u00fang lu\u00f4n th\u00ec l\u00e0 do 1% \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang chu k\u00ec). V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00f4 trong 27 l\u1ea7n quay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 99%^27 (l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 99% nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 27 l\u1ea7n). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta suy ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eafng:<\/p>\n
[1 \u2013 (99%^27)] x 100<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n(B\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 th\u1eed g\u00f5 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00ean Google l\u00e0 ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ~ 23,7% (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 27% nh\u00e9 ^_^). Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 100 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ra %.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 x\u1ed5 c\u1ea7u 4-5 l\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tr\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 con l\u00f4 xi\u00ean, v\u1eady c\u00f2n l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2, 3 v\u00e0 xi\u00ean 4 th\u00ec sao ? B\u1ea1n xem c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2 (2 con s\u1ed1):<\/strong> [23,7% ^ 2] x 100 ~ 5,6%<\/strong> (x\u1ed5 20 l\u1ea7n tr\u00fang 1 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 (3 con s\u1ed1):<\/strong> [23,7% ^ 3] x 100 ~ 1,3%<\/strong> (x\u1ed5 77 l\u1ea7n tr\u00fang 1 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 4 (4 con s\u1ed1):<\/strong> [23,7% ^ 4] x 100 ~ 0,3%<\/strong> (x\u1ed5 333 l\u1ea7n tr\u00fang 1 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 theo b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2<\/strong> t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u00fang v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n x\u1ed5 l\u00e0 27 l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u00e1ch v\u1edf th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean % tr\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u01a1i xi\u00ean 3 v\u00e0 4<\/strong> th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang xem nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng ^_^. Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n\n\n\nc\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb9p d\u00e0nh cho mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc v\u00edp<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
V\u1eady, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00f4 l\u00e0 99% ( tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00f3 1 con th\u00f4i, c\u00f3 tr\u00fang lu\u00f4n th\u00ec l\u00e0 do 1% \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang chu k\u00ec). V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00f4 trong 27 l\u1ea7n quay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 99%^27 (l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 99% nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 27 l\u1ea7n). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta suy ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eafng:<\/p>\n
[1 \u2013 (99%^27)] x 100<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n(B\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 th\u1eed g\u00f5 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00ean Google l\u00e0 ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ~ 23,7% (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 27% nh\u00e9 ^_^). Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 100 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ra %.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 x\u1ed5 c\u1ea7u 4-5 l\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tr\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 con l\u00f4 xi\u00ean, v\u1eady c\u00f2n l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2, 3 v\u00e0 xi\u00ean 4 th\u00ec sao ? B\u1ea1n xem c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2 (2 con s\u1ed1):<\/strong> [23,7% ^ 2] x 100 ~ 5,6%<\/strong> (x\u1ed5 20 l\u1ea7n tr\u00fang 1 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 (3 con s\u1ed1):<\/strong> [23,7% ^ 3] x 100 ~ 1,3%<\/strong> (x\u1ed5 77 l\u1ea7n tr\u00fang 1 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 4 (4 con s\u1ed1):<\/strong> [23,7% ^ 4] x 100 ~ 0,3%<\/strong> (x\u1ed5 333 l\u1ea7n tr\u00fang 1 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 theo b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2<\/strong> t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u00fang v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n x\u1ed5 l\u00e0 27 l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u00e1ch v\u1edf th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean % tr\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u01a1i xi\u00ean 3 v\u00e0 4<\/strong> th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang xem nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng ^_^. Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n\n\n\nc\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb9p d\u00e0nh cho mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc v\u00edp<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 theo b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2<\/strong> t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u00fang v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n x\u1ed5 l\u00e0 27 l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u00e1ch v\u1edf th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean % tr\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u01a1i xi\u00ean 3 v\u00e0 4<\/strong> th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang xem nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng ^_^. Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\nc\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb9p d\u00e0nh cho mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc v\u00edp<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
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